What is Adjustment of Status?

Adjustment of Status is the process used by certain people already in the United States to apply for a green card without having to leave the country. It allows an applicant to move from a temporary nonimmigrant status to lawful permanent resident status inside the U.S., instead of completing the process through a U.S. consulate abroad, which is known as consular processing.

EWI stands for “Entry Without Inspection.” It describes entering the United States without going through an official port of entry or being inspected by an immigration officer. Even if a person later encounters or is processed by border officers, the original entry is still considered EWI. This is a specific legal concept and is not the same as simply saying someone entered the country “illegally.”

What is Consular Processing?

Consular processing is the procedure used when a person applies for U.S. permanent residency through a U.S. embassy or consulate outside the United States. A qualifying family member or employer files a petition, and once it is approved and a visa is available, the applicant completes the immigrant visa process at the consulate in their home country. After entering the United States on that immigrant visa, the person becomes a lawful permanent resident.

Why Do I Have to Consular Process?

Some applicants must complete their green card process outside the United States because of how they entered the country or their immigration status at the time they apply. People who entered without inspection and certain individuals who are out of status on the filing date are often required to leave the U.S. and apply at a consulate in their home country. There are limited exceptions, such as qualifying for relief under section 245(i), that may allow processing inside the United States.

What is the Ten-Year Bar?

The ten-year bar applies to individuals who accrue more than one year of unlawful presence in the United States and then depart. Once they leave, they become inadmissible and are generally barred from returning for ten years. In some cases, a waiver may be available. If the applicant can show that a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse or parent would suffer extreme hardship if they had to remain outside the country, they may qualify for a waiver such as Form I-601 or I-601A.

What are PERM Applications?

PERM is the employment-based labor certification process that many U.S. employers must complete before sponsoring a foreign national for permanent residence. The employer first obtains a prevailing wage determination from the Department of Labor and then conducts specific recruitment steps to see if there are qualified U.S. workers available for the position. If no qualified U.S. workers are found and all requirements are met, the employer can file a PERM application. An approved PERM allows the employer to move forward with sponsoring the employee’s green card.

Habeas, short for Habeas Corpus, is a legal procedure used to challenge unlawful or excessively long detention by the government. In the immigration context, it is often used for people who have been detained for a long time, frequently after receiving a removal order, when the government has not carried out the deportation. Through a Habeas Corpus petition filed in federal court, a judge reviews whether there is legal justification for continued detention and can order the person’s release if the detention is found to be unreasonable.

What is a Master Calendar Hearing?

A master calendar hearing is the first hearing in most immigration removal cases. It is a preliminary hearing where the immigration judge handles scheduling and procedural issues, such as confirming the charges, taking pleadings, identifying any applications for relief, and setting future hearing dates. The judge may also make important decisions at this stage, including whether to schedule an individual merits hearing, deny certain applications, or in some cases order removal if appropriate.

What is Writ of Mandamus?

A writ of mandamus is a lawsuit filed in federal court asking a judge to order a government agency or official to perform a legal duty that has been unreasonably delayed. In immigration cases, it is often used when an application or petition has been pending for a long time without a decision. To succeed, the applicant must show that the agency has a clear duty to act, that the applicant has a right to a decision, and that the delay is not reasonable. If the court agrees, it can order the agency to make a decision on the case.

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Mar 02, 2021

By Kriezelman Burton and Associates

What are Removal Proceedings?

Q: What Are Removal Proceedings?

Removal proceedings are the formal court process in which the Department of Homeland Security seeks to deport someone it believes is in the United States in violation of immigration law. During these hearings, an immigration judge decides two main questions: whether the person is removable and, if so, whether they qualify for any form of relief that would allow them to stay in the United States. The judge hears evidence and arguments from both sides and issues the final decision.

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Hello everyone and welcome back to the blog of Kriezelman Burton & Associates. Immigration lawyer Erin Cobb here today to talk all about removal proceedings. A removal proceeding is a process by which the Department of Homeland Security tries to deport someone who they believe is in the United States in violation of the law. Now, you may know the word removal by its other name, deportation, which is no longer in use due to Congress changing the work in 1996.

Many people, but not all, who are present in the U.S. in violation of the law have the right to go through removal proceedings. In other words, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, can’t simply pick someone off the street and deport them to their home country. Instead, ICE has to follow a procedure that’s set down in law. And importantly, the final decision is not up to ICE or DHS. Instead, it’s made by an immigration judge in court.

To help you better understand the process, we’re going to break it down into small parts. First, we have the judge who works for the Department of Justice, specifically, a part called the Executive Office for Immigration Review. Then, there is the ICE attorney who is like the prosecutor in a normal court setting. You then have the respondent, which is what the immigrant is called in removal proceedings, as well as the respondent’s attorney. In these proceedings, the ICE attorney is arguing for deportation, while the respondent and their attorney are arguing against it. The judge who oversees removal proceedings must apply the facts to the law and make a decision in a neutral way.

It’s important to know that respondents have rights in removal hearings. These rights include the right to an attorney at their own expense, the right to present witnesses and their own evidence, and the right to examine any evidence against them.

There are two questions that are answered during removal proceedings. The first is whether or not the person is removable from the United States. The second is if they are removable, is there any relief that they’re eligible for that would allow them to stay in the United States? For example, maybe the person is eligible for a waiver or for asylum, or perhaps even for their green card. It’s important to note that there is one kind of green card that you can apply for only in removal proceedings.

Now, all of the above does not happen in just one court date. Instead, it follows a set process. The first court date, as we discussed in our last blog post, is called a master calendar hearing. There, the judge meets the respondent, makes sure they are served the proper paperwork, and explains their rights to them. Most of the time, it then ends with something called an individual hearing, which is the big trial where evidence is presented, testimonies are given, and the judge issues their decision.

Removal proceedings are not quick and they’re often complicated. It may take years for a person to move through the process. Importantly, though, please know that a respondent must attend every hearing in person. If they don’t, the judge could order them to be deported in their absence.

If you or someone you know are preparing to being removal proceedings and need legal advice or representation, please contact the immigration lawyers at Kriezelman Burton & Associated. Immigration law is what we do.

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My experience with Kriezelman Burton & Associates was excellent. We worked with Jennifer Peyton, for removal proceedings due to being detained by ICE. Jennifer worked diligently and was responsive. Jennifer was supportive throughout the whole process and showed compassion. With the help of Jennifer and the help of the firm, we were able to get the removal proceedings stopped and received permanent residency. I am so thankful for Kriezelman Burton…

Sarah P.

The Best human being to have your back when you really need it!!! Mr Burton's professionalism and sharpness saved my family....!!!!!

Jordan K.

I cannot say enough amazing things about Kriezelman Burton & Associates and Attorney Jennifer Peyton. They are truly a godsend. Jennifer worked day and night on my brother’s case, and her dedication never wavered for a single moment. She consistently communicated with my sister-in-law and me, making sure we understood every step of the process and always keeping us informed. She built an incredibly structured and solid case for my…

Daniel P.

I recently had the privilege of working with Attorney Brittni Rivera of Kriezelman, Burton & Associates on a habeas corpus case. From the very beginning, she demonstrated exceptional knowledge, integrity, and attention to detail. She was consistently responsive—always just an email away—and made me feel supported through every step of the process. Her guidance brought clarity during a very difficult time, and I am truly grateful for her dedication and…

Angie S.

So many immigration firms in Chicago who do you choose? I can tell you with certainty this is the place to go for you and your loved ones. My wife came over across the border under the Biden years. Our application was sent in, in May and by November we got approved for her 485. This law firm handles many cases of all different kinds so they just know what…

Amit G.

My God, if I could give 10 stars, I would. My family and I are so grateful, first and foremost to God and to attorney Brittni Rivera, who helped us free my husband. He was detained by ICE in Chicago and transferred to Michigan. The process after hiring attorney Brittni Rivera took only 15 days, when I was given about a month. It was incredibly fast and effective.

Carmen H.

Our family is sincerely grateful to attorney Nicole M. Provax from Kriezelman Burton & Associates, LLC for her professionalism, dedication, and support, as she guided us through every step with care and understanding. Thanks to her guidance, our case reached a positive outcome. We truly appreciate everything she has done for our family and highly recommend her and the firm.

Lesia B.

I am grateful for the guidance and support we received from Kriezelman Burton & Associates. Attorney Andrea was AMAZING, always helpful, responsive, and kept us updated with every new development(even at late hours). We first reached out to her when someone close to us was detained by ICE while working construction inside a friend’s house. Andrea immediately stressed the importance of filing a habeas corpus petition as soon as possible,…

Kristina T.

We are incredibly grateful for the guidance and support we received from Kriezelman Burton & Associates during our family’s Green Card petition process. We had a very complicated case that several other lawyers could not take on, but that was not the case with Kriezelman Burton & Associates. From the beginning, our Attorney Mr. Kevin Raica made us feel heard, supported, and confident that our case was in good hands.…

Joe B.

Highly recommend Attorney Erin Cobb and her entire team. Extremely knowledgeable, compassionate, and urgent to serve and solve any issue.

Edwin S.

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What are Removal Proceedings?

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